A Translation of the book
(about ‘Aqidatul ‘Awam)
Created by:
As-Syaikh Muslih al-Maraqy
The translater:
“Ibnu Shulhan”
Muhammad Nur Hamid Hidayatullah
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين الذي هدانا الى معرفة افعاله وصفاته و ذكر
آلائه ونعمائه. وزجرنا عن تفكر ذاته. و
اشهد ان لا اله الا الله اقرارا بوحدانيته. و اشهد ان محمدا رسول الله اعترفا
برسالته. والصلاة والسلام على من ارسله الله رحمة للعالمين. وعلى آله وعترته
الطاهرين. وعلى اصحابه وعبادالله المحدين من اهل السموات و الارض (اما بعد)
All of mukallaf should know – by syara’ – about attribute’s God,
even wajib, jaiz, muhal on the unmitigated Allah SWT and on a God’s
prophet, musn’t gullible or just follow some body without understanding.
Because, the belief of human who gullibles of tauhid does not – certainly – get
out of hesitant, as told on a book Jauharul Maknun and a book “I’anatut
Tholibin II page 25:
والحاصل يجب على الاباء والامهات ان يعملوا ابنائهم جميع ما يجب على
المكلف يعرفه كي يرشخ الايمان في قلوبهم ويعتادوا الطاعات كتعليمهم ما يجب لمولانا جلّ وعز وما يستحيل وما يجوز الخ...
Cause of that, i made a risalah nadhaman by the name “Inaratudh
Dhalam fi ‘Aqidatil ‘Awam” and also translate it. So that simple for
understanding and memorizing and also training to a layman – included me. I
made this book with all of my heart and soul, expected of Allah’s willing, not
others.
If there are many mistakes i made in this book, i hope some body
remind me and justify it and ask a absolutism from Allah. How much mistakes i
made, Allah will forgive me. And the last, i hope this book is given by Allah a
willing, virtue and barakah for me and my parents. I began this book by asking
intermediatery syafaat our prophet Muhammad Saw. Amin.
Muallif
The explanation
The first time, i made this book “Inaratudh Dhalam” by
saying in the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Mercifull. I give thanks to
Allah has perfect attributes, beautifull and exalted. The second, i say shalawat
and salam may be had saying to our Prophet Muhammad Saw, to all of
his family and to his close friends.
The explanation
After saying bismillah and
shalawat, i want to talk that the first thing should be understood by
human is catch wind of Allah SWT. by all of the conviction.
The explanation
The first knowladge should be boned up on is a knowladge which be
able to lead us to recognizing Allah, the fifty of ‘aqaid and its
explanations.
The explanation
The attributes must be on Allah is twenty compelled attributes. If
it were those twenty compelled attributes, impossible attributes of Allah are
twenty also.
The explanation
the first attributes of Allah is Wujud. It means that Allah
be at a place which we never know. And apposite of wujud is absent. It
means that Allah never be at. Wujud is a personal attributes.
The explanation
The second attributes of Allah is qidam. It means that Allah
is a essence which never be made. No one and nothings made Him. He there is by
Him self. The apposite of qidam is hudust. It means that Allah is
made by other_somethings or someone. Impossible if Allah is made by other,
because, if Allah was made by other, so Allah is not God, but a creature_will
be shattered and die.
The explanation
The third of attributes of Allah is baqa’. It means that
Allah is a eternal essence. The apposite of that is fana’. It means that
Allah will not ever die. He is be eternally.
The explanation
The fourth of attributes of Allah is mukhalafatun lil hawadisti
(a long cry with all of creatures or new things). The apposite of it is mumastalatuhu
lil hawadisti (after the manner of the creatures).
The explanation
The fifth of attributes of Allah is qiyamuhu bi nafsihi. It
means that He stand up by Him self, without a friend, accompaniment, or alter
ego. Only Him self. And the apposite of it is qiyamuhu bi ghairihi. It
means that Allah lives together with a friend, accompaniment or alter ego. And
Allah impossible needs mukhashshish (a creator)_ Allah needs a help. And
also impossible Allah dwelt or take place or be at jihhatun (six
directions).
The explanation
The sixth of attributes of Allah is wahdaniyatuhu ta’ala
(God the One). No patner for Him. There is not God aside from Allah the One
should we respectful greating and serve our life. The apposite of it is ta’addud
(amounted). Impossible Allah has patners and amount to one, two, three and
soon.
The explanation
The fif attributes of Allah; qidam, baqa’, mukhalafatul lil
hawadisi, qiyamuhu ta’ala binafsihi, wahdaniyatun, those are salbiyah
attributes (the abolish attributes for others).
The Explanation
The seventh attributes of Allah is qudratun. It means that
Allah has powers or prosperities making everything. The apposite of it is ‘ajzun
(blind side).
The explanation
The eigth attributes of Allah is iradatun. Allah choose
everything by Him self, without the compulsion of others. And the apposite of
it is karahatun (aversion creating everything), or qahrun meaning
which it has maqhurun (perforced).
The explanation
The ninth of attributes of Allah is al-‘Ilmu (be cognizant
of the creatures). And the oppasite of it is jahlun (halfwitted).
The tenth attributes of Allah is al-Hayatu (lives). And the
apposite if it is mautun. It means that Allah can go the way of nature
such as creatures. That is incredible.
The explanation
The eleventh of attributes of Allah is as-sama’ (give an
ear). And the apposite if that is shamamun (deaf).
The explanation
The twelfth of attributes of Allah is al-Basaru (inspect).
And the oppasite of that is ‘ama (sightless).
The explanation
The thirteenth of attributes of Allah is al-Kalam (speech).
And the apposite of that is bakamun and kharasun (mute).
The explanation
The attributes of Allah are seven attributes are 1) Qudrah, 2)
Iradah, 3) ‘ilmun, 4) Hayyatun, 5) Sama’un, 6)
Bashar, 7) al-Kalam. Those are called “ma’any attributes[1].
It means that the attributes of Allah which “sifat wujud pendalemanipun
Allah”.
The explanation
The next attributes of Allah is qadirun. Its mean that Allah
is a authority essence. And the apposite of that is ‘ajizun (the weak
essence).
The explanation
The fifteenth attributes of Allah is muridun (the essence
has an intention). And the apposite of that is karihun (the essence
averses making everything) or maqhurun ( the essence is perforced making
all of things).
The explanation
The sixteenth attributes of Allah is ‘Alimun (the genius
essence). And the apposite of that is jahilun (the featherbrained
essence).
The explanation
The seventeenth of attributes of Allah is Hayyun (the most
live essences). And the apposite of that is Maitun (the inflexible
essence).
The explanation
The eighteenth attributes of Allah is Sami’un (the listening
essence) and the apposite of that is ashammun ( the deaf essence).
The explanation
The nineteenth attributes of Allah is al-Bashir (the discern
essence). And the apposite of that is a’ma (the blind essence).
The explanation
The twentieth attributes of Allah is muatakallimun (the
speech essence). And the apposite of that is abkamun (the mute essence).
The explanation
The attributes of Allah are 1) qadirun, 2) muridun, 3)
‘alimun, 4) hayyun, 5) sami’un, 6) bashirun, 7) mutakallimun.
That are called “sifat ma’nawiyah” (the nature attributes are connected
to “sifat ma’any”).
The addition
So, from the explanations as aforementioned, we can take the
coclusion that the “wajib” attributes of Allah and also Allahs muhal are
fourty attributes for Allah.
THE SECTION OF THE ALLOWED ATTRIBUTES FOR ALLAH SWT
The allowed attributes for Allah are only one attributes. It is fi’lu
mumkinin aw tarkuhu. He wants make a possible or not. It is up to Him. He
allow make everything and also he allow does not make it. For a case in point,
long time ago when the world had not been made yet, Allah wanted creating the
world or not it was up to Him.
THE SECTION OF AL-ISTIGHNA’ AND THE DIVISION
The explanation
The wajib attributes of Allah are twenty divided into two
parts. Those are 1) the istighna’, 2) istiqar. Belonging to the istighna’
attribute is eleven attributes. That’s are:
1.
Wujud
2.
Qidam
3.
Baqa’
4.
Mukhalafatul
lil-hawadisti
5.
Qiyamuhu
bi nafsihi
6.
Sama’
7.
Bashar
8.
Kalam
9.
Sami’an
10.
Bashiran
11.
Mutakalliman.
The explanation
That istighna’ attributes (eleven) is divided into two parts.
Those are:
1.
The
perfect attributes or sifatun kamalun (Allah is too perfect infinitely) have
five attributes:
a.
Wujud
b.
Qidam
c.
Baqa’
d.
Mukhalafatul
lilhawadisti
e.
Qiyamuhu
bi nafsihi.
2.
The
precious attributes (sifatun jamalun), Allah is too beautifull
infinitely. Those load six attributes:
a.
Sama’un
b.
Bashar
c.
Kalam
d.
Sami’an
e.
Bashiran
f.
Mutakalliman.
THE SACTION OF IFTIQAR AND ITS PARTS
The explanation
Istiqar have nine
attributes. That are:
1.
Wahdaniyah
2.
Qudrah
3.
Iradah
4.
‘ilmun
5.
Hayyatun
6.
Qadirun
7.
Muridun
8.
‘alimun
9.
Hayyun.
The explanation
The iftiqar attributes which are nine attributes are
abstracted become two parts:
1.
The jalal
attributes (the exalted of Allah). It implicates four attributes:
a.
Qudrah
b.
Iradah
c.
‘ilmu
d.
Hayyatun
2.
Qahrun
bi ma’na ghalabatun (victory attributes
of Allah). It implicates five attributes:
1.
Wahdaniyatun
2.
Qadirun
3.
Muridan
4.
‘aliman
5.
Hayyan.
THE SECTION OF LA ILAHA ILLALLAH AND ITS BECKS
The Explanation
A character la "لا"
on la ilaha illallah is a instrument for abolishing (nafiy) a
word ilaha and it is manfiy. Its mean that worshiping is not be
admited on a word la ilaha illallah. According to imam Sanusi and
imam Yusi saying as told on syarah kasyifatus Saja’ on a page 14:
a thing (ilahun) which be worshiped is be conviced by
worshippers for instance heathens, the sun and the moon. And a character
illa “الا” is a tool of istbat
(decided) and then, character Allah is mustbat. Its mean that
Allah is a God should be worshiped, should be at one’s beck and call and should
be piety.
So, ististna’ on a word la ilaha illallah is called “ististna’
muttashil” (equal with mustastna minhu). So that, worship (zhikir)
using that thayibah sentence is called “zhikir nafiy istbat”. So
the meaning of la ilaha illallah (لااله الا
الله) is la ma’buda bihaqqin fil wujudi illallah (لامعبود بحق فى الوجود الا الله), no God should be
worshiped aright in the form of it except Allah. Allah and His Prophet know the
propriety!
The Explanation
The sentence of la ilaha illallah is divided into four parts:
1) la, 2) ilaha, 3) illa, and 4) Allah. Those are a
beck of the central of attributes for Allah are four:
1.
Kamal
2.
Jamalun
3.
Qahrun
4.
Jalalun.
And also a beck of the obligation of mukallaf, those are:
1.
Syariat
2.
Thariqah
3.
Haqiqat
4.
Ma’rifat.
The meaning of Syariat is understand about the islamic lows (wajib,
haram, sunnah, makruh, mubah, shahih, bathal) and also do Allahs command
for example praying, obligatory alms ect, and then came away all of Allahs
prohibition such as zina etc.
The meaning of thariqah is doing syariah by
carefulness. Fathom its meaning that keep and guard all of the commad and also sunnah,
and came away all of the prohibition and also makruh and syubhat
(all of things that is unclear about its hala or its haram).
The meaning of haqiqat is our heart, mind, all of ours are
only for Allah SWT in all of things which is exist except Allah coming along the
faith that all of the creatures is created by – only – Allah. And also doing
the phase of ihsan which has told on a hadist:
ان تعبد الله
كانك تراه...
“if you worship/pray to Allah, as though
you really look at Allah...”
So, syariat is worldly of haqiqat. And haqiqat is
the inner of syariat. Both of those may not be separated, must be gether
and completing each others. If syariat without haqiqat is not
acceptable to Allah. And also when haqiqat without syariat, it
will be damaged, nothing.
The metaphor of haqiqat is a cast iron, syariah is
the building. Haqiqat is like a coconut milk, syariat is like a
coconut fibre and the shell of coconut. The point is when anyone does not have haqiqat,
he does not also have syariat. As well as not, if anyone does not have syariah,
he does not also have haqiqat. As set on the subsection of surah
Al-fatihah:
اياك نعــــبد...
“only to You –Allah, we
worship...”
It nods to syariat. Because, still feel that ibadah is a
obligation, not a must.
... واياك نســـتعين.
“...only to Allah, we ask a aid of Allah”
It droppes a hint about haqiqat. Because, we are aware of
our impaired, can not come away from wickedness and doing a worship, if not
gotten a auspace from Allah.
The meaning of ma’rifat is steady of our heart and soul for
the existence of Allah which has the perfect attributes, impossible that Allah
is imperfect, by reasons of theorem ‘aqly and naqly
(authoritative quotation –the Koran- or hadist of Prophet Muhammad shallallahu
‘alaihi wa sallam).
The Explanation
There are some views about the parts of sentence lailaha
illallah are the high sign of the obligation for mukallaf should be
able to do the four of caprices
1.
Tauhid
2.
Ma’rifat
3.
Iman
4.
Islam
The meaning of tauhid is the convinced of heart about Allah
is the One, not amounted; one, two three and soon. No partner for Allah, no God
except Allah. And also convice that no one can give a profit and disadvantage
except Allah, no one gives a lucky and unlucky except only Allah.
The meaning of ma’rifat is steady of our heart and soul for
the existence of Allah which has the perfect attributes, impossible that Allah
is imperfect, by reasons of theorem ‘aqly and naqly
(authoritative quotation –the Koran- or hadist of Prophet Muhammad shallallahu
‘alaihi wa sallam).
The menaing of iman is a belief of all of things were
brought by Prophet Muhammad saw included ‘aqaid such as the fifty ‘aqaid
or observable deed, such as praying, fasting etc, and approve and acquiesce
in Allahs giving. The dictum of two syahadat is be prerequirement of
genuine of iman.
The pillar of iman are six pillars. Those are:
1.
Belief
to Allah and all of His said.
2.
Belief
to all of the angles of Allah.
3.
Belief
to all of the holy book which is from Allah such as taurat, bible (injil),
psalm, the Koran and all that.
4.
Belief
to all of the prophet and the messenger of Allah and all of their command.
5.
Belief
to the day after.
6.
Belief
to divine decree, even good or bad, all of things are given by Allah.
The meaning of Islam is obeidents of all of Allahs command
and His Prophet and prohibitions of Allah and His Prophet.
The pillar of Islam are five pillars. Those are :
1.
Raed
the profession of faith : there is no God other than Allah, the Prophet
Muhammad is His massenger.
2.
Doing
prayings on the fif times, keep all of its pillars and its requisite, and what
can abgrote the praying.
3.
The
Ramadlan fasting whole the day.
4.
The
obligatory alms.
5.
Haj pilgrimage
in a lofty mecca for the one who be able to go and be able to give a basic
necessities of life to his family. Allah and His prophet know.
THE SACTION OF THE NATURE OF ALL OF THE MASSENGERS ‘ALAIHIM
ASSALAM WALMUSTAHILATI ‘ALAIHIM
The
Explanation
The wajib characters should be in the Prophet are four
characters. All the same, the impossible character of Prophet are four
characters.
The Explanation
The first character
of those characters of Prophet is shidqun. Its means that all of Prophet
should be honest. And the impossible characters of Prophet is kazhibun.
Its means that an inhibition for Massenger are falsehood.
The second character
of the character of massengers is amanah. Its mean that all of the Prophets
should be able to be as good as gold. And the oppasite of That character is khiyanatun.
Its mean that massengers did not ever sell the pass (betrayal).
The Explanation
The third character
of Prophet is tabligh. Its mean that all of the massengers should extend
all of apocallpse from Allah to their followers. And the oppasite of those
character is kitmanun. Its mean that all of the massengers mustn’t
conceal the apocallpses of God.
The Explanation
The fourth of the
character of the massengers is fathanatun. Its mean that all of the
Prophets are a nimble wit or intelligent. And the impossible character of the
massengers is baladah (empty-heanded), ghaflatun (forgetful), balahatun
(can not speak at ease).
THE SECTION OF JAIZ CHARACTER OF THE MASSENGERS ‘ALAIHI ASSALAM
The Explanation
The jaiz character of the massengers is just one character.
That is a’radla basyariyah ghairi muhilatin limanjilatihim as-saniyyah:
اعراض بشرية غير محلة لمنزلتهم السنية
“The humance character
which does not make the high degree of the massengers at a foult.”
Such as sultry, eating, drinking, purchase aand sale, take a wolk, asking
or asked, and sleep by clossing eyes.
The Explanation
All of characters of Massengers are collected on the sentence of risalah
(محمد رسول الله) shallallahu
‘alaihi wasallam.
The Explanation
‘Aqaid should be hold
on significantly, no hesitancy of it, are fifty ‘aqaid and be included
on sentence of unity of Allah and the sentence of risalahi. That are :
لا اله الا الله ومحمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
[1] The
explanation from me (excerpted from my father): the meaning of the ma’any
attributes is only Allah has those. If the creature_human_has that attributes,
for example, they wish, has power, listen etc. But their abilities can not be
like Allah precisely. And then, those ma’any attributes are fervented by
the ma’nawiyyah attributes (it will be explained on the next section).
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